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After用作介詞時(shí),很容易和另一介詞behind混淆不清,因?yàn)樗鼈兌冀忉尀?ldquo;在……之后”。事實(shí)上,它們所表示的“之后”并不相同,有時(shí)雖然可以互換,但是意思不盡相同。
它們的區(qū)別有以下幾點(diǎn):
1. 一般說來,after指時(shí)間的先后次序,意為"later in time than";behind指位置的前后,意為"in the rear of"。例如:
I shall be free after ten o'clock.
十點(diǎn)之后我有空。
The national stadium is located behind the hill.
運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)在山崗的后面。
2. after常用以指順序,意為“跟在…之后”、“接著”、“接連”(in succession or next to in order); behind則表示“隱匿在后”、“背著”或“遺留在后”之意。如:
After you, please!
您先請(qǐng)!(出門或進(jìn)門時(shí)的客套用語)
You should put the direct object after the indirect object.
你應(yīng)該把直接賓語放在間接賓語之后。
The policemen are searching for the robbers door after door.
警察正在挨家挨戶地搜查劫匪。
Don't speak evil of a man behind his back.
不要在背后說人壞話。
Who is behind the scenes?
誰是幕后人?
Those smugglers ran away and left no trace behind them.
那些走私客逃走時(shí)沒有留下任何痕跡。
3. 在某些場(chǎng)合下,after和behind可以互換使用,但涵義有所不同。如:
Shut the door after you. (1)
Shut the door behind you. (2)
(1)句的意思是“隨手關(guān)門”,after含有離開與關(guān)門兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的先后的意味;(2)句的意思是“關(guān)上你背后的門”,behind表示門的靜止?fàn)顟B(tài),正因?yàn)槿绱耍覀兺ǔUf:Don't stand behind the door.(不要站在門背后),而不說:Don't stand after the door.
4. 值得注意的是,在另一些場(chǎng)合下,after和behind在互換使用后,其意并無區(qū)別可言。如:
John came in after Alice.
John came in behind Alice.
約翰在愛麗絲后面進(jìn)來。
The dog ran after its master.
The dog ran behind its master.
狗跟在主人后面跑。
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